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| Omega West Reactor ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Omega West Reactor
The Omega West Reactor (OWR) was an experimental nuclear reactor located at Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos NM. OMR was completed in 1956 and primarily used for scientific scale nuclear research until it was fully decommissioned in 1994. It operated 24 hours a day, five days a week until 1972, when it went to eight hours a day, five days a week operation. The original purpose of the reactor was to collect nuclear material properties in support of the United States nuclear weapons program. Other uses included production of useful medical isotopes.〔Ostic, Kathryn. "Laboratory decommissioning Omega West Reactor starting next month" Published by Los Alamos National Laboratory. May 15, 2002. Document is available here: http://www.lanl.gov/news/index.php/fuseaction/home.story/story_id/2572〕 The reactor was capable of producing an external beam of neutrons via beam tubes which extended through the reactor shielding. These were provided for external neutron beam experiments including: neutron radiography, neutron capture studies, gamma ray studies, neutron cross section measurements and neutron activation studies.〔A. R. Lyle, H. T. Williams, and M. E. Bunker. "The Omega West Reactor" Published in 1983 by Los Alamos National Laboratory. Document #LA-UR-83-3404. http://library.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/getfile?00225220.pdf〕
The reactor's low-pressure design and tall vertical vessel made it possible for a lead glass window to be installed at the top, through which the active core could be viewed directly. Very few production nuclear reactors were ever designed with viewing windows. The blue glow seen in the picture is characteristic of Cherenkov radiation.
==Core design==
The core consisted of an aluminum grid with 54 vertical channels arranged in 6 rows by 9 channels wide. The channels could be used for fuel rods, experiments and additional uses. An additional 8 channels were used for control rods.〔 The core was contained in a cylindrical stainless steel tank 2.4 meters in diameter and 7.3 meters tall. The core was surrounded by a heavy concrete shield which also served as a secondary containment vessel.〔A. Andrade, and T. A. Ayers "THE OMEGA WEST REACTOR: DESIGN BASIS AND PHYSICS MEASUREMENTS" Published by Los Alamos National Laboratory. Document# LA-UR-94-144 http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/10122557-cNGbDP/native/10122557.pdf〕 One of the configurations of the reactor had a lead gamma ray shield installed in the first row and beryllium blocks installed in row 6. This left rows 2 through 5 for installation of fuel and experimental usage. A typical core loading consisted of 33 fuel elements, each containing 236 grams of 93% enriched Uranium (when new).
Cooling and moderation was provided by ordinary (light) water which transferred heat out of the core to the air via cooling towers. The reactor could be operated at low power in natural convection mode. At full power the flowrate through the core was 13,250 liters/minute.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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